From: Brian Warner <warner@allmydata.com>
Date: Tue, 20 May 2008 02:28:50 +0000 (-0700)
Subject: overhaul CLI: not quite complete but it works a lot better than it used to. The new... 
X-Git-Tag: allmydata-tahoe-1.1.0~108
X-Git-Url: https://git.rkrishnan.org/%5B/%5D%20/uri/%22doc.html/vdrive?a=commitdiff_plain;h=8e92dfcb503a8e35e7180719e3a1896efb7b6cbc;p=tahoe-lafs%2Ftahoe-lafs.git

overhaul CLI: not quite complete but it works a lot better than it used to. The new scheme uses 'tahoe add-alias' and rsync/scp-style 'alias:foo/bar.txt' arguments
---

diff --git a/docs/CLI.txt b/docs/CLI.txt
index 778c452e..0a896172 100644
--- a/docs/CLI.txt
+++ b/docs/CLI.txt
@@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ use the following command to create a new directory and set it as your
 
  tahoe set-alias tahoe `tahoe mkdir`
 
-After thatm you can use "tahoe ls tahoe:" and "tahoe cp local.txt tahoe:",
+After that you can use "tahoe ls tahoe:" and "tahoe cp local.txt tahoe:",
 and both will refer to the directory that you've just created.
 
 === Command Syntax Summary ===
diff --git a/src/allmydata/scripts/cli.py b/src/allmydata/scripts/cli.py
index 01105bbc..baee26b5 100644
--- a/src/allmydata/scripts/cli.py
+++ b/src/allmydata/scripts/cli.py
@@ -17,11 +17,8 @@ class VDriveOptions(BaseOptions, usage.Options):
         ["node-url", "u", None,
          "URL of the tahoe node to use, a URL like \"http://127.0.0.1:8123\". "
          "This overrides the URL found in the --node-directory ."],
-        ["dir-cap", "r", "root",
-         "Which dirnode URI should be used as a root directory.  The "
-         "string 'root' is special, and means we should use the "
-         "directory found in the 'root_dir.cap' file in the 'private' "
-         "subdirectory of the --node-directory ."],
+        ["dir-cap", "r", None,
+         "Which dirnode URI should be used as the 'tahoe' alias."]
         ]
 
     def postOptions(self):
@@ -43,46 +40,71 @@ class VDriveOptions(BaseOptions, usage.Options):
             node_url_file = os.path.join(self['node-directory'], "node.url")
             self['node-url'] = open(node_url_file, "r").read().strip()
 
-        rootdircap = None
-        if self['dir-cap'] == 'root':
-            uri_file = os.path.join(self['node-directory'], 'private', "root_dir.cap")
-            try:
-                rootdircap = open(uri_file, "r").read().strip()
-            except EnvironmentError, le:
-                raise usage.UsageError("\n"
-                                       "If --dir-cap is absent or is 'root', then the node directory's 'private'\n"
-                                       "subdirectory is required to contain a file named 'root_dir.cap' which is\n"
-                                       "required to contain a dir cap, but when we tried to open that file we got:\n"
-                                       "'%s'." % (le,))
-        else:
-            rootdircap = self['dir-cap']
+        aliases = self.get_aliases(self['node-directory'])
+        if self['dir-cap']:
+            aliases["tahoe"] = self['dir-cap']
+        self.aliases = aliases # maps alias name to dircap
+
+
+    def get_aliases(self, nodedir):
         from allmydata import uri
+        aliases = {}
+        aliasfile = os.path.join(nodedir, "private", "aliases")
+        rootfile = os.path.join(nodedir, "private", "root_dir.cap")
+        try:
+            f = open(rootfile, "r")
+            rootcap = f.read().strip()
+            if rootcap:
+                aliases["tahoe"] = uri.from_string_dirnode(rootcap).to_string()
+        except EnvironmentError:
+            pass
         try:
-            parsed = uri.NewDirectoryURI.init_from_human_encoding(rootdircap)
-        except:
-            try:
-                parsed = uri.ReadonlyNewDirectoryURI.init_from_human_encoding(rootdircap)
-            except:
-                if self['dir-cap'] == 'root':
-                    raise usage.UsageError("\n"
-                                           "If --dir-cap is absent or is 'root', then the node directory's 'private'\n"
-                                           "subdirectory's 'root_dir.cap' is required to contain a dir cap, but we found\n"
-                                           "'%s'." % (rootdircap,))
-                else:
-                    raise usage.UsageError("--dir-cap is required to be a dir cap (or \"root\"), but we got '%s'." % (self['dir-cap'],))
-
-        self['dir-cap'] = parsed.to_string()
+            f = open(aliasfile, "r")
+            for line in f.readlines():
+                line = line.strip()
+                if line.startswith("#"):
+                    continue
+                name, cap = line.split(":", 1)
+                # normalize it: remove http: prefix, urldecode
+                cap = cap.strip()
+                aliases[name] = uri.from_string_dirnode(cap).to_string()
+        except EnvironmentError:
+            pass
+        return aliases
+
+class MakeDirectoryOptions(VDriveOptions):
+    def parseArgs(self, where=""):
+        self.where = where
+    longdesc = """Create a new directory, either unlinked or as a subdirectory."""
+
+class AddAliasOptions(VDriveOptions):
+    def parseArgs(self, alias, cap):
+        self.alias = alias
+        self.cap = cap
 
 class ListOptions(VDriveOptions):
-    def parseArgs(self, vdrive_pathname=""):
-        self['vdrive_pathname'] = vdrive_pathname
+    optFlags = [
+        ("long", "l", "Use long format: show file sizes, and timestamps"),
+        ("uri", "u", "Show file URIs"),
+        ("classify", "F", "Append '/' to directory names, and '*' to mutable"),
+        ("json", None, "Show the raw JSON output"),
+        ]
+    def parseArgs(self, where=""):
+        self.where = where
 
     longdesc = """List the contents of some portion of the virtual drive."""
 
 class GetOptions(VDriveOptions):
-    def parseArgs(self, vdrive_filename, local_filename="-"):
-        self['vdrive_filename'] = vdrive_filename
-        self['local_filename'] = local_filename
+    def parseArgs(self, arg1, arg2=None):
+        # tahoe get FOO |less            # write to stdout
+        # tahoe get tahoe:FOO |less      # same
+        # tahoe get FOO bar              # write to local file
+        # tahoe get tahoe:FOO bar        # same
+
+        self.from_file = arg1
+        self.to_file = arg2
+        if self.to_file == "-":
+            self.to_file = None
 
     def getSynopsis(self):
         return "%s get VDRIVE_FILE LOCAL_FILE" % (os.path.basename(sys.argv[0]),)
@@ -92,9 +114,24 @@ class GetOptions(VDriveOptions):
     will be written to stdout."""
 
 class PutOptions(VDriveOptions):
-    def parseArgs(self, local_filename, vdrive_filename):
-        self['local_filename'] = local_filename
-        self['vdrive_filename'] = vdrive_filename
+    def parseArgs(self, arg1=None, arg2=None):
+        # cat FILE > tahoe put           # create unlinked file from stdin
+        # cat FILE > tahoe put FOO       # create tahoe:FOO from stdin
+        # cat FILE > tahoe put tahoe:FOO # same
+        # tahoe put bar FOO              # copy local 'bar' to tahoe:FOO
+        # tahoe put bar tahoe:FOO        # same
+
+        if arg1 is not None and arg2 is not None:
+            self.from_file = arg1
+            self.to_file = arg2
+        elif arg1 is not None and arg2 is None:
+            self.from_file = None
+            self.to_file = arg1
+        else:
+            self.from_file = arg1
+            self.to_file = arg2
+        if self.from_file == "-":
+            self.from_file = None
 
     def getSynopsis(self):
         return "%s put LOCAL_FILE VDRIVE_FILE" % (os.path.basename(sys.argv[0]),)
@@ -104,16 +141,16 @@ class PutOptions(VDriveOptions):
     local file (it can't be stdin)."""
 
 class RmOptions(VDriveOptions):
-    def parseArgs(self, vdrive_pathname):
-        self['vdrive_pathname'] = vdrive_pathname
+    def parseArgs(self, where):
+        self.where = where
 
     def getSynopsis(self):
         return "%s rm VE_FILE" % (os.path.basename(sys.argv[0]),)
 
 class MvOptions(VDriveOptions):
     def parseArgs(self, frompath, topath):
-        self['from'] = frompath
-        self['to'] = topath
+        self.from_file = frompath
+        self.to_file = topath
 
     def getSynopsis(self):
         return "%s mv FROM TO" % (os.path.basename(sys.argv[0]),)
@@ -128,6 +165,8 @@ class ReplOptions(usage.Options):
     pass
 
 subCommands = [
+    ["mkdir", None, MakeDirectoryOptions, "Create a new directory"],
+    ["add-alias", None, AddAliasOptions, "Add a new alias cap"],
     ["ls", None, ListOptions, "List a directory"],
     ["get", None, GetOptions, "Retrieve a file from the virtual drive."],
     ["put", None, PutOptions, "Upload a file into the virtual drive."],
@@ -137,72 +176,82 @@ subCommands = [
     ["repl", None, ReplOptions, "Open a python interpreter"],
     ]
 
+def mkdir(config, stdout, stderr):
+    from allmydata.scripts import tahoe_mkdir
+    rc = tahoe_mkdir.mkdir(config['node-url'],
+                           config.aliases,
+                           config.where,
+                           stdout, stderr)
+    return rc
+
+def add_alias(config, stdout, stderr):
+    from allmydata.scripts import tahoe_add_alias
+    rc = tahoe_add_alias.add_alias(config['node-directory'],
+                                   config.alias,
+                                   config.cap,
+                                   stdout, stderr)
+    return rc
+
 def list(config, stdout, stderr):
     from allmydata.scripts import tahoe_ls
     rc = tahoe_ls.list(config['node-url'],
-                       config['dir-cap'],
-                       config['vdrive_pathname'],
+                       config.aliases,
+                       config.where,
+                       config,
                        stdout, stderr)
     return rc
 
 def get(config, stdout, stderr):
     from allmydata.scripts import tahoe_get
-    vdrive_filename = config['vdrive_filename']
-    local_filename = config['local_filename']
     rc = tahoe_get.get(config['node-url'],
-                       config['dir-cap'],
-                       vdrive_filename,
-                       local_filename,
+                       config.aliases,
+                       config.from_file,
+                       config.to_file,
                        stdout, stderr)
     if rc == 0:
-        if local_filename is None or local_filename == "-":
+        if config.to_file is None:
             # be quiet, since the file being written to stdout should be
             # proof enough that it worked, unless the user is unlucky
             # enough to have picked an empty file
             pass
         else:
             print >>stderr, "%s retrieved and written to %s" % \
-                  (vdrive_filename, local_filename)
+                  (config.from_file, config.to_file)
     return rc
 
-def put(config, stdout, stderr):
+def put(config, stdout, stderr, stdin=sys.stdin):
     from allmydata.scripts import tahoe_put
-    vdrive_filename = config['vdrive_filename']
-    local_filename = config['local_filename']
     if config['quiet']:
         verbosity = 0
     else:
         verbosity = 2
     rc = tahoe_put.put(config['node-url'],
-                       config['dir-cap'],
-                       local_filename,
-                       vdrive_filename,
+                       config.aliases,
+                       config.from_file,
+                       config.to_file,
                        verbosity,
-                       stdout, stderr)
+                       stdin, stdout, stderr)
     return rc
 
 def rm(config, stdout, stderr):
     from allmydata.scripts import tahoe_rm
-    vdrive_pathname = config['vdrive_pathname']
     if config['quiet']:
         verbosity = 0
     else:
         verbosity = 2
     rc = tahoe_rm.rm(config['node-url'],
-                     config['dir-cap'],
-                     vdrive_pathname,
+                     config.aliases,
+                     config.where,
                      verbosity,
                      stdout, stderr)
     return rc
 
 def mv(config, stdout, stderr):
     from allmydata.scripts import tahoe_mv
-    frompath = config['from']
-    topath = config['to']
     rc = tahoe_mv.mv(config['node-url'],
-                     config['dir-cap'],
-                     frompath,
-                     topath,
+                     config.aliases,
+                     config.from_file,
+                     config.to_file,
                      stdout, stderr)
     return rc
 
@@ -222,6 +271,8 @@ def repl(config, stdout, stderr):
     return code.interact()
 
 dispatch = {
+    "mkdir": mkdir,
+    "add-alias": add_alias,
     "ls": list,
     "get": get,
     "put": put,
diff --git a/src/allmydata/scripts/common.py b/src/allmydata/scripts/common.py
index 6391a91b..03817c36 100644
--- a/src/allmydata/scripts/common.py
+++ b/src/allmydata/scripts/common.py
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 
-import os, sys
+import os, sys, urllib
 from twisted.python import usage
 
 
@@ -62,4 +62,29 @@ class NoDefaultBasedirMixin(BasedirMixin):
         if not self.basedirs:
             raise usage.UsageError("--basedir must be provided")
 
+DEFAULT_ALIAS = "tahoe"
 
+def get_alias(aliases, path, default):
+    # transform "work:path/filename" into (aliases["work"], "path/filename")
+    # We special-case URI:
+    if path.startswith("URI:"):
+        # The only way to get a sub-path is to use URI:blah:./foo, and we
+        # strip out the :./ sequence.
+        sep = path.find(":./")
+        if sep != -1:
+            return path[:sep], path[sep+3:]
+        return path, ""
+    colon = path.find(":")
+    if colon == -1:
+        # no alias
+        return aliases[default], path
+    alias = path[:colon]
+    if "/" in alias:
+        # no alias, but there's a colon in a dirname/filename, like
+        # "foo/bar:7"
+        return aliases[default], path
+    return aliases[alias], path[colon+1:]
+
+def escape_path(path):
+    segments = path.split("/")
+    return "/".join([urllib.quote(s) for s in segments])
diff --git a/src/allmydata/scripts/common_http.py b/src/allmydata/scripts/common_http.py
index fbeaa597..f2c060bd 100644
--- a/src/allmydata/scripts/common_http.py
+++ b/src/allmydata/scripts/common_http.py
@@ -58,3 +58,8 @@ def do_http(method, url, body=""):
         c.send(data)
 
     return c.getresponse()
+
+def check_http_error(resp, stderr):
+    if resp.status < 200 or resp.status >= 300:
+        print >>stderr, "error %d during HTTP request" % resp.status
+        return 1
diff --git a/src/allmydata/scripts/create_node.py b/src/allmydata/scripts/create_node.py
index 24ab929f..b252dca4 100644
--- a/src/allmydata/scripts/create_node.py
+++ b/src/allmydata/scripts/create_node.py
@@ -56,11 +56,8 @@ def create_client(basedir, config, out=sys.stdout, err=sys.stderr):
         f = open(os.path.join(basedir, "webport"), "w")
         f.write(config['webport'] + "\n")
         f.close()
-    # Create an empty root_dir.cap file, indicating that the node
-    # should fill it with the URI after creating the directory.
     from allmydata.util import fileutil
     fileutil.make_dirs(os.path.join(basedir, "private"), 0700)
-    open(os.path.join(basedir, "private", "root_dir.cap"), "w")
     print >>out, "client created in %s" % basedir
     print >>out, " please copy introducer.furl into the directory"
 
diff --git a/src/allmydata/scripts/tahoe_add_alias.py b/src/allmydata/scripts/tahoe_add_alias.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c45091a6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/allmydata/scripts/tahoe_add_alias.py
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+
+import os.path
+from allmydata import uri
+
+def add_alias(nodedir, alias, cap, stdout, stderr):
+    aliasfile = os.path.join(nodedir, "private", "aliases")
+    cap = uri.from_string_dirnode(cap).to_string()
+    assert ":" not in alias
+    assert " " not in alias
+    # probably check for others..
+    f = open(aliasfile, "a")
+    f.write("%s: %s\n" % (alias, cap))
+    f.close()
+    print >>stdout, "Alias '%s' added" % (alias,)
+    return 0
+
diff --git a/src/allmydata/scripts/tahoe_get.py b/src/allmydata/scripts/tahoe_get.py
index bae69acf..09b70bb2 100644
--- a/src/allmydata/scripts/tahoe_get.py
+++ b/src/allmydata/scripts/tahoe_get.py
@@ -1,26 +1,37 @@
 
 import urllib
+from allmydata.scripts.common import get_alias, DEFAULT_ALIAS, escape_path
+from allmydata.scripts.common_http import do_http
 
-def get(nodeurl, dir_uri, vdrive_fname, local_file, stdout, stderr):
+def get(nodeurl, aliases, from_file, to_file, stdout, stderr):
     if nodeurl[-1] != "/":
         nodeurl += "/"
-    url = nodeurl + "uri/%s/" % urllib.quote(dir_uri)
-    if vdrive_fname:
-        url += urllib.quote(vdrive_fname)
+    rootcap, path = get_alias(aliases, from_file, DEFAULT_ALIAS)
+    url = nodeurl + "uri/%s" % urllib.quote(rootcap)
+    if path:
+        url += "/" + escape_path(path)
 
-    if local_file is None or local_file == "-":
+    if to_file:
+        outf = open(to_file, "wb")
+        close_outf = True
+    else:
         outf = stdout
         close_outf = False
+
+    resp = do_http("GET", url)
+    if resp.status in (200, 201,):
+        while True:
+            data = resp.read(4096)
+            if not data:
+                break
+            outf.write(data)
+        rc = 0
     else:
-        outf = open(local_file, "wb")
-        close_outf = True
-    inf = urllib.urlopen(url)
-    while True:
-        data = inf.read(4096)
-        if not data:
-            break
-        outf.write(data)
+        print >>stderr, "Error, got %s %s" % (resp.status, resp.reason)
+        print >>stderr, resp.read()
+        rc = 1
+
     if close_outf:
         outf.close()
 
-    return 0
+    return rc
diff --git a/src/allmydata/scripts/tahoe_ls.py b/src/allmydata/scripts/tahoe_ls.py
index f6dc0f98..edfcce2c 100644
--- a/src/allmydata/scripts/tahoe_ls.py
+++ b/src/allmydata/scripts/tahoe_ls.py
@@ -1,28 +1,71 @@
 
-import urllib
+import urllib, time
 import simplejson
+from allmydata.scripts.common import get_alias, DEFAULT_ALIAS, escape_path
 
-def list(nodeurl, dir_uri, vdrive_pathname, stdout, stderr):
-    if nodeurl[-1] != "/":
+def list(nodeurl, aliases, where, config, stdout, stderr):
+    if not nodeurl.endswith("/"):
         nodeurl += "/"
-    url = nodeurl + "uri/%s/" % urllib.quote(dir_uri)
-    if vdrive_pathname:
-        url += urllib.quote(vdrive_pathname)
+    if where.endswith("/"):
+        where = where[:-1]
+    rootcap, path = get_alias(aliases, where, DEFAULT_ALIAS)
+    url = nodeurl + "uri/%s" % urllib.quote(rootcap)
+    if path:
+        # move where.endswith check here?
+        url += "/" + escape_path(path)
+    assert not url.endswith("/")
     url += "?t=json"
     data = urllib.urlopen(url).read()
 
+    if config['json']:
+        print >>stdout, data
+        return
+
     parsed = simplejson.loads(data)
     nodetype, d = parsed
+    children = {}
     if nodetype == "dirnode":
-        childnames = sorted(d['children'].keys())
-        for name in childnames:
-            child = d['children'][name]
-            childtype = child[0]
-            if childtype == "dirnode":
-                print >>stdout, "%10s %s/" % ("", name)
-            else:
-                assert childtype == "filenode"
-                size = child[1]['size']
-                print >>stdout, "%10s %s" % (size, name)
+        children = d['children']
     elif nodetype == "filenode":
-        print >>stdout, "%10s %s" % (d['size'], vdrive_pathname)
+        childname = path.split("/")[-1]
+        children = {childname: d}
+    childnames = sorted(children.keys())
+    now = time.time()
+    for name in childnames:
+        child = children[name]
+        childtype = child[0]
+        ctime = child[1]["metadata"].get("ctime")
+        mtime = child[1]["metadata"].get("mtime")
+        if ctime:
+            # match for formatting that GNU 'ls' does
+            if (now - ctime) > 6*30*24*60*60:
+                # old files
+                fmt = "%b %d  %Y"
+            else:
+                fmt = "%b %d %H:%M"
+            ctime_s = time.strftime(fmt, time.localtime(ctime))
+        else:
+            ctime_s = "-"
+        if childtype == "dirnode":
+            t = "d---------"
+            size = "-"
+            classify = "/"
+        elif childtype == "filenode":
+            t = "----------"
+            size = child[1]['size']
+            classify = ""
+            if "rw_uri" in child[1]:
+                classify = "*" # mutable
+
+        uri = child[1].get("rw_uri", child[1].get("ro_uri", "-"))
+
+        line = []
+        if config["long"]:
+            line.append("%s %10s %12s" % (t, size, ctime_s))
+        if config["uri"]:
+            line.append(uri)
+        line.append(name)
+        if config["classify"]:
+            line[-1] += classify
+
+        print >>stdout, " ".join(line)
diff --git a/src/allmydata/scripts/tahoe_mkdir.py b/src/allmydata/scripts/tahoe_mkdir.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..41c0a4f4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/allmydata/scripts/tahoe_mkdir.py
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+
+import urllib
+from allmydata.scripts.common_http import do_http, check_http_error
+from allmydata.scripts.common import get_alias, DEFAULT_ALIAS
+
+def mkdir(nodeurl, aliases, where, stdout, stderr):
+    if not nodeurl.endswith("/"):
+        nodeurl += "/"
+    if where:
+        rootcap, path = get_alias(aliases, where, DEFAULT_ALIAS)
+
+    if not where or not path:
+        # create a new unlinked directory
+        url = nodeurl + "uri?t=mkdir"
+        resp = do_http("POST", url)
+        rc = check_http_error(resp, stderr)
+        if rc:
+            return rc
+        new_uri = resp.read().strip()
+        # emit its write-cap
+        print >>stdout, new_uri
+        return 0
+
+    # create a new directory at the given location
+    if path.endswith("/"):
+        path = path[:-1]
+    # path (in argv) must be "/".join([s.encode("utf-8") for s in segments])
+    url = nodeurl + "uri/%s/%s?t=mkdir" % (urllib.quote(rootcap),
+                                           urllib.quote(path))
+    resp = do_http("POST", url)
+    check_http_error(resp, stderr)
+    new_uri = resp.read().strip()
+    print >>stdout, new_uri
+    return 0
diff --git a/src/allmydata/scripts/tahoe_mv.py b/src/allmydata/scripts/tahoe_mv.py
index 7b21a600..6b33ba9d 100644
--- a/src/allmydata/scripts/tahoe_mv.py
+++ b/src/allmydata/scripts/tahoe_mv.py
@@ -2,31 +2,42 @@
 import re
 import urllib
 import simplejson
+from allmydata.scripts.common import get_alias, DEFAULT_ALIAS, escape_path
 from allmydata.scripts.common_http import do_http
 
-def mv(nodeurl, dir_uri, frompath, topath, stdout, stderr):
-    frompath = urllib.quote(frompath)
-    topath = urllib.quote(topath)
+def mv(nodeurl, aliases, from_file, to_file, stdout, stderr):
     if nodeurl[-1] != "/":
         nodeurl += "/"
-    url = nodeurl + "uri/%s/" % urllib.quote(dir_uri)
-    data = urllib.urlopen(url + frompath + "?t=json").read()
-
+    rootcap, path = get_alias(aliases, from_file, DEFAULT_ALIAS)
+    from_url = nodeurl + "uri/%s" % urllib.quote(rootcap)
+    if path:
+        from_url += "/" + escape_path(path)
+    # figure out the source cap
+    data = urllib.urlopen(from_url + "?t=json").read()
     nodetype, attrs = simplejson.loads(data)
-    uri = attrs.get("rw_uri") or attrs["ro_uri"]
-    # simplejson always returns unicode, but we know that it's really just a
-    # bytestring.
-    uri = str(uri)
-
-    put_url = url + topath + "?t=uri"
-    resp = do_http("PUT", put_url, uri)
+    cap = attrs.get("rw_uri") or attrs["ro_uri"]
+    # simplejson always returns unicode, but we know that it's really just an
+    # ASCII file-cap.
+    cap = str(cap)
+
+    # now get the target
+    rootcap, path = get_alias(aliases, to_file, DEFAULT_ALIAS)
+    to_url = nodeurl + "uri/%s" % urllib.quote(rootcap)
+    if path:
+        to_url += "/" + escape_path(path)
+    if path.endswith("/"):
+        # "mv foo.txt bar/" == "mv foo.txt bar/foo.txt"
+        pass # TODO
+    to_url += "?t=uri"
+
+    resp = do_http("PUT", to_url, cap)
     status = resp.status
     if not re.search(r'^2\d\d$', str(status)):
         print >>stderr, "error, got %s %s" % (resp.status, resp.reason)
         print >>stderr, resp.read()
 
     # now remove the original
-    resp = do_http("DELETE", url + frompath)
+    resp = do_http("DELETE", from_url)
     if not re.search(r'^2\d\d$', str(status)):
         print >>stderr, "error, got %s %s" % (resp.status, resp.reason)
         print >>stderr, resp.read()
diff --git a/src/allmydata/scripts/tahoe_put.py b/src/allmydata/scripts/tahoe_put.py
index 9febf50e..6288cac1 100644
--- a/src/allmydata/scripts/tahoe_put.py
+++ b/src/allmydata/scripts/tahoe_put.py
@@ -1,9 +1,11 @@
 
+from cStringIO import StringIO
 import urllib
 from allmydata.scripts.common_http import do_http
+from allmydata.scripts.common import get_alias, DEFAULT_ALIAS, escape_path
 
-def put(nodeurl, dir_uri, local_fname, vdrive_fname, verbosity,
-        stdout, stderr):
+def put(nodeurl, aliases, from_file, to_file, verbosity,
+        stdin, stdout, stderr):
     """
     @param verbosity: 0, 1, or 2, meaning quiet, verbose, or very verbose
 
@@ -11,15 +13,28 @@ def put(nodeurl, dir_uri, local_fname, vdrive_fname, verbosity,
     """
     if nodeurl[-1] != "/":
         nodeurl += "/"
-    url = nodeurl + "uri/%s/" % urllib.quote(dir_uri)
-    if vdrive_fname:
-        url += urllib.quote(vdrive_fname)
+    if to_file:
+        rootcap, path = get_alias(aliases, to_file, DEFAULT_ALIAS)
+        url = nodeurl + "uri/%s/" % urllib.quote(rootcap)
+        if path:
+            url += escape_path(path)
+    else:
+        url = nodeurl + "uri"
+    if from_file:
+        infileobj = open(from_file, "rb")
+    else:
+        # do_http() can't use stdin directly: for one thing, we need a
+        # Content-Length field. So we currently must copy it.
+        if verbosity > 0:
+            print >>stderr, "waiting for file data on stdin.."
+        data = stdin.read()
+        infileobj = StringIO(data)
 
-    infileobj = open(local_fname, "rb")
     resp = do_http("PUT", url, infileobj)
 
     if resp.status in (200, 201,):
-        print >>stdout, "%s %s" % (resp.status, resp.reason)
+        print >>stderr, "%s %s" % (resp.status, resp.reason)
+        print >>stdout, resp.read()
         return 0
 
     print >>stderr, "error, got %s %s" % (resp.status, resp.reason)
diff --git a/src/allmydata/scripts/tahoe_rm.py b/src/allmydata/scripts/tahoe_rm.py
index 7f36d928..2ef36975 100644
--- a/src/allmydata/scripts/tahoe_rm.py
+++ b/src/allmydata/scripts/tahoe_rm.py
@@ -1,8 +1,9 @@
 
 import urllib
 from allmydata.scripts.common_http import do_http
+from allmydata.scripts.common import get_alias, DEFAULT_ALIAS, escape_path
 
-def rm(nodeurl, dir_uri, vdrive_pathname, verbosity, stdout, stderr):
+def rm(nodeurl, aliases, where, verbosity, stdout, stderr):
     """
     @param verbosity: 0, 1, or 2, meaning quiet, verbose, or very verbose
 
@@ -10,9 +11,10 @@ def rm(nodeurl, dir_uri, vdrive_pathname, verbosity, stdout, stderr):
     """
     if nodeurl[-1] != "/":
         nodeurl += "/"
-    url = nodeurl + "uri/%s/" % urllib.quote(dir_uri)
-    if vdrive_pathname:
-        url += urllib.quote(vdrive_pathname)
+    rootcap, path = get_alias(aliases, where, DEFAULT_ALIAS)
+    assert path
+    url = nodeurl + "uri/%s" % urllib.quote(rootcap)
+    url += "/" + escape_path(path)
 
     resp = do_http("DELETE", url)
 
diff --git a/src/allmydata/test/test_cli.py b/src/allmydata/test/test_cli.py
index 0868d5a4..ca30c24a 100644
--- a/src/allmydata/test/test_cli.py
+++ b/src/allmydata/test/test_cli.py
@@ -9,10 +9,13 @@ from allmydata import uri
 # at least import the CLI scripts, even if we don't have any real tests for
 # them yet.
 from allmydata.scripts import tahoe_ls, tahoe_get, tahoe_put, tahoe_rm
+from allmydata.scripts.common import DEFAULT_ALIAS
 _hush_pyflakes = [tahoe_ls, tahoe_get, tahoe_put, tahoe_rm]
 
 from allmydata.scripts import cli, debug
 
+# this test case only looks at argument-processing and simple stuff.
+# test_system contains all the CLI tests that actually use a real node.
 
 class CLI(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_options(self):
@@ -27,27 +30,22 @@ class CLI(unittest.TestCase):
         o = cli.ListOptions()
         o.parseOptions(["--node-directory", "cli/test_options"])
         self.failUnlessEqual(o['node-url'], "http://localhost:8080/")
-        self.failUnlessEqual(o['dir-cap'], private_uri)
-        self.failUnlessEqual(o['vdrive_pathname'], "")
+        self.failUnlessEqual(o.aliases[DEFAULT_ALIAS], private_uri)
+        self.failUnlessEqual(o.where, "")
 
         o = cli.ListOptions()
         o.parseOptions(["--node-directory", "cli/test_options",
                         "--node-url", "http://example.org:8111/"])
         self.failUnlessEqual(o['node-url'], "http://example.org:8111/")
-        self.failUnlessEqual(o['dir-cap'], private_uri)
-        self.failUnlessEqual(o['vdrive_pathname'], "")
+        self.failUnlessEqual(o.aliases[DEFAULT_ALIAS], private_uri)
+        self.failUnlessEqual(o.where, "")
 
         o = cli.ListOptions()
         o.parseOptions(["--node-directory", "cli/test_options",
                         "--dir-cap", "root"])
         self.failUnlessEqual(o['node-url'], "http://localhost:8080/")
-        self.failUnlessEqual(o['dir-cap'], private_uri)
-        self.failUnlessEqual(o['vdrive_pathname'], "")
-
-        o = cli.ListOptions()
-        o.parseOptions(["--node-directory", "cli/test_options"])
-        self.failUnlessEqual(o['node-url'], "http://localhost:8080/")
-        self.failUnlessEqual(o['vdrive_pathname'], "")
+        self.failUnlessEqual(o.aliases[DEFAULT_ALIAS], "root")
+        self.failUnlessEqual(o.where, "")
 
         o = cli.ListOptions()
         other_filenode_uri = uri.WriteableSSKFileURI(writekey="\x11"*16,
@@ -56,15 +54,15 @@ class CLI(unittest.TestCase):
         o.parseOptions(["--node-directory", "cli/test_options",
                         "--dir-cap", other_uri])
         self.failUnlessEqual(o['node-url'], "http://localhost:8080/")
-        self.failUnlessEqual(o['dir-cap'], other_uri)
-        self.failUnlessEqual(o['vdrive_pathname'], "")
+        self.failUnlessEqual(o.aliases[DEFAULT_ALIAS], other_uri)
+        self.failUnlessEqual(o.where, "")
 
         o = cli.ListOptions()
         o.parseOptions(["--node-directory", "cli/test_options",
                         "--dir-cap", other_uri, "subdir"])
         self.failUnlessEqual(o['node-url'], "http://localhost:8080/")
-        self.failUnlessEqual(o['dir-cap'], other_uri)
-        self.failUnlessEqual(o['vdrive_pathname'], "subdir")
+        self.failUnlessEqual(o.aliases[DEFAULT_ALIAS], other_uri)
+        self.failUnlessEqual(o.where, "subdir")
 
     def _dump_cap(self, *args):
         out,err = StringIO(), StringIO()
diff --git a/src/allmydata/test/test_system.py b/src/allmydata/test/test_system.py
index 76b990c4..3ff82f9d 100644
--- a/src/allmydata/test/test_system.py
+++ b/src/allmydata/test/test_system.py
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ from allmydata import client, uri, download, upload, storage, offloaded
 from allmydata.introducer import IntroducerNode
 from allmydata.util import deferredutil, fileutil, idlib, mathutil, testutil
 from allmydata.util import log
-from allmydata.scripts import runner
+from allmydata.scripts import runner, cli
 from allmydata.interfaces import IDirectoryNode, IFileNode, IFileURI
 from allmydata.mutable.common import NotMutableError
 from allmydata.mutable import layout as mutable_layout
@@ -69,9 +69,8 @@ class SystemTest(testutil.SignalMixin, testutil.PollMixin, testutil.StallMixin,
         s.setServiceParent(self.sparent)
         return s
 
-    def set_up_nodes(self, NUMCLIENTS=5, createprivdir=False):
+    def set_up_nodes(self, NUMCLIENTS=5):
         self.numclients = NUMCLIENTS
-        self.createprivdir = createprivdir
         iv_dir = self.getdir("introducer")
         if not os.path.isdir(iv_dir):
             fileutil.make_dirs(iv_dir)
@@ -143,9 +142,6 @@ class SystemTest(testutil.SignalMixin, testutil.PollMixin, testutil.StallMixin,
                 open(os.path.join(basedir, "webport"), "w").write("tcp:0:interface=127.0.0.1")
                 kgf = "%s\n" % (self.key_generator_furl,)
                 open(os.path.join(basedir, "key_generator.furl"), "w").write(kgf)
-            if self.createprivdir:
-                fileutil.make_dirs(os.path.join(basedir, "private"))
-                open(os.path.join(basedir, "private", "root_dir.cap"), "w")
             open(os.path.join(basedir, "introducer.furl"), "w").write(self.introducer_furl)
             open(os.path.join(basedir, "stats_gatherer.furl"), "w").write(self.stats_gatherer_furl)
 
@@ -875,7 +871,7 @@ class SystemTest(testutil.SignalMixin, testutil.PollMixin, testutil.StallMixin,
     def test_vdrive(self):
         self.basedir = "system/SystemTest/test_vdrive"
         self.data = LARGE_DATA
-        d = self.set_up_nodes(createprivdir=True)
+        d = self.set_up_nodes()
         d.addCallback(self._test_introweb)
         d.addCallback(self.log, "starting publish")
         d.addCallback(self._do_publish1)
@@ -1528,7 +1524,7 @@ class SystemTest(testutil.SignalMixin, testutil.PollMixin, testutil.StallMixin,
 
         nodeargs = [
             "--node-directory", client0_basedir,
-            "--dir-cap", private_uri,
+            #"--dir-cap", private_uri,
             ]
         public_nodeargs = [
             "--node-url", self.webish_url,
@@ -1538,44 +1534,147 @@ class SystemTest(testutil.SignalMixin, testutil.PollMixin, testutil.StallMixin,
 
         d = defer.succeed(None)
 
-        def _ls_root(res):
-            argv = ["ls"] + nodeargs
-            return self._run_cli(argv)
-        d.addCallback(_ls_root)
+        # for compatibility with earlier versions, private/root_dir.cap is
+        # supposed to be treated as an alias named "tahoe:". Start by making
+        # sure that works, before we add other aliases.
+
+        root_file = os.path.join(client0_basedir, "private", "root_dir.cap")
+        f = open(root_file, "w")
+        f.write(private_uri)
+        f.close()
+
+        def run(ignored, verb, *args):
+            newargs = [verb] + nodeargs + list(args)
+            return self._run_cli(newargs)
+
+        def _check_ls((out,err), expected_children, unexpected_children=[]):
+            self.failUnlessEqual(err, "")
+            for s in expected_children:
+                self.failUnless(s in out, s)
+            for s in unexpected_children:
+                self.failIf(s in out, s)
+
         def _check_ls_root((out,err)):
             self.failUnless("personal" in out)
             self.failUnless("s2-ro" in out)
             self.failUnless("s2-rw" in out)
             self.failUnlessEqual(err, "")
-        d.addCallback(_check_ls_root)
-
-        def _ls_subdir(res):
-            argv = ["ls"] + nodeargs + ["personal"]
-            return self._run_cli(argv)
-        d.addCallback(_ls_subdir)
-        def _check_ls_subdir((out,err)):
-            self.failUnless("sekrit data" in out)
-            self.failUnlessEqual(err, "")
-        d.addCallback(_check_ls_subdir)
-
-        def _ls_public_subdir(res):
-            argv = ["ls"] + public_nodeargs + ["subdir1"]
-            return self._run_cli(argv)
-        d.addCallback(_ls_public_subdir)
-        def _check_ls_public_subdir((out,err)):
-            self.failUnless("subdir2" in out)
-            self.failUnless("mydata567" in out)
-            self.failUnlessEqual(err, "")
-        d.addCallback(_check_ls_public_subdir)
-
-        def _ls_file(res):
-            argv = ["ls"] + public_nodeargs + ["subdir1/mydata567"]
-            return self._run_cli(argv)
-        d.addCallback(_ls_file)
-        def _check_ls_file((out,err)):
-            self.failUnlessEqual(out.strip(), "112 subdir1/mydata567")
+
+        # this should reference private_uri
+        d.addCallback(run, "ls")
+        d.addCallback(_check_ls, ["personal", "s2-ro", "s2-rw"])
+
+        # now that that's out of the way, remove root_dir.cap and work with
+        # new files
+        d.addCallback(lambda res: os.unlink(root_file))
+
+        d.addCallback(run, "mkdir")
+        def _got_dir( (out,err) ):
+            self.failUnless(uri.from_string_dirnode(out.strip()))
+            return out.strip()
+        d.addCallback(_got_dir)
+        d.addCallback(lambda newcap: run(None, "add-alias", "tahoe", newcap))
+        def _check_empty_dir((out,err)):
+            self.failUnlessEqual(out, "")
             self.failUnlessEqual(err, "")
-        d.addCallback(_check_ls_file)
+        d.addCallback(run, "ls")
+        d.addCallback(_check_empty_dir)
+
+        files = []
+        datas = []
+        for i in range(10):
+            fn = os.path.join(self.basedir, "file%d" % i)
+            files.append(fn)
+            data = "data to be uploaded: file%d\n" % i
+            datas.append(data)
+            open(fn,"w").write(data)
+
+        # test all both forms of put: from a file, and from stdin
+        #  tahoe put bar FOO
+        d.addCallback(run, "put", files[0], "tahoe-file0")
+        def _put_out((out,err)):
+            self.failUnless("URI:LIT:" in out, out)
+            self.failUnless("201 Created" in err, err)
+            uri0 = out.strip()
+            return run(None, "get", uri0)
+        d.addCallback(_put_out)
+        d.addCallback(lambda (out,err): self.failUnlessEqual(out, datas[0]))
+
+        d.addCallback(run, "put", files[1], "subdir/tahoe-file1")
+        #  tahoe put bar tahoe:FOO
+        d.addCallback(run, "put", files[2], "tahoe:file2")
+
+        def _put_from_stdin(res, data, *args):
+            args = nodeargs + list(args)
+            o = cli.PutOptions()
+            o.parseOptions(args)
+            stdin = StringIO(data)
+            stdout, stderr = StringIO(), StringIO()
+            d = threads.deferToThread(cli.put, o,
+                                      stdout=stdout, stderr=stderr, stdin=stdin)
+            def _done(res):
+                return stdout.getvalue(), stderr.getvalue()
+            d.addCallback(_done)
+            return d
+
+        #  tahoe put FOO
+        STDIN_DATA = "This is the file to upload from stdin."
+        d.addCallback(_put_from_stdin,
+                      STDIN_DATA,
+                      "tahoe-file-stdin")
+        #  tahoe put tahoe:FOO
+        d.addCallback(_put_from_stdin,
+                      "Other file from stdin.",
+                      "tahoe:from-stdin")
+
+        d.addCallback(run, "ls")
+        d.addCallback(_check_ls, ["tahoe-file0", "file2", "subdir",
+                                  "tahoe-file-stdin", "from-stdin"])
+        d.addCallback(run, "ls", "subdir")
+        d.addCallback(_check_ls, ["tahoe-file1"])
+
+        # tahoe mkdir FOO
+        d.addCallback(run, "mkdir", "subdir2")
+        d.addCallback(run, "ls")
+        # TODO: extract the URI, set an alias with it
+        d.addCallback(_check_ls, ["subdir2"])
+
+        # tahoe get: (to stdin and to a file)
+        d.addCallback(run, "get", "tahoe-file0")
+        d.addCallback(lambda (out,err):
+                      self.failUnlessEqual(out, "data to be uploaded: file0\n"))
+        d.addCallback(run, "get", "tahoe:subdir/tahoe-file1")
+        d.addCallback(lambda (out,err):
+                      self.failUnlessEqual(out, "data to be uploaded: file1\n"))
+        outfile0 = os.path.join(self.basedir, "outfile0")
+        d.addCallback(run, "get", "file2", outfile0)
+        def _check_outfile0((out,err)):
+            data = open(outfile0,"rb").read()
+            self.failUnlessEqual(data, "data to be uploaded: file2\n")
+        d.addCallback(_check_outfile0)
+        outfile1 = os.path.join(self.basedir, "outfile0")
+        d.addCallback(run, "get", "tahoe:subdir/tahoe-file1", outfile1)
+        def _check_outfile1((out,err)):
+            data = open(outfile1,"rb").read()
+            self.failUnlessEqual(data, "data to be uploaded: file1\n")
+        d.addCallback(_check_outfile1)
+
+        d.addCallback(run, "rm", "tahoe-file0")
+        d.addCallback(run, "rm", "tahoe:file2")
+        d.addCallback(run, "ls")
+        d.addCallback(_check_ls, [], ["tahoe-file0", "file2"])
+
+        d.addCallback(run, "ls", "-l")
+        def _check_ls_l((out,err)):
+            lines = out.split("\n")
+            for l in lines:
+                if "tahoe-file-stdin" in l:
+                    self.failUnless(" %d " % len(STDIN_DATA) in l)
+        d.addCallback(_check_ls_l)
+
+        d.addCallback(run, "mv", "tahoe-file-stdin", "tahoe-moved")
+        d.addCallback(run, "ls")
+        d.addCallback(_check_ls, ["tahoe-moved"], ["tahoe-file-stdin"])
 
         # tahoe_ls doesn't currently handle the error correctly: it tries to
         # JSON-parse a traceback.
@@ -1589,82 +1688,10 @@ class SystemTest(testutil.SignalMixin, testutil.PollMixin, testutil.StallMixin,
 ##             self.failUnlessEqual(err, "")
 ##         d.addCallback(_check_ls_missing)
 
-        def _put(res):
-            tdir = self.getdir("cli_put")
-            fileutil.make_dirs(tdir)
-            fn = os.path.join(tdir, "upload_me")
-            f = open(fn, "wb")
-            f.write(TESTDATA)
-            f.close()
-            argv = ["put"] + nodeargs + [fn, "test_put/upload.txt"]
-            return self._run_cli(argv)
-        d.addCallback(_put)
-        def _check_put((out,err)):
-            self.failUnless("201 Created" in out, out)
-            self.failUnlessEqual(err, "")
-            d = self._private_node.get_child_at_path(u"test_put/upload.txt")
-            d.addCallback(lambda filenode: filenode.download_to_data())
-            def _check_put2(res):
-                self.failUnlessEqual(res, TESTDATA)
-            d.addCallback(_check_put2)
-            return d
-        d.addCallback(_check_put)
-
-        def _get_to_stdout(res):
-            argv = ["get"] + nodeargs + ["test_put/upload.txt"]
-            return self._run_cli(argv)
-        d.addCallback(_get_to_stdout)
-        def _check_get_to_stdout((out,err)):
-            self.failUnlessEqual(out, TESTDATA)
-            self.failUnlessEqual(err, "")
-        d.addCallback(_check_get_to_stdout)
-
-        get_to_file_target = self.basedir + "/get.downfile"
-        def _get_to_file(res):
-            argv = ["get"] + nodeargs + ["test_put/upload.txt",
-                                         get_to_file_target]
-            return self._run_cli(argv)
-        d.addCallback(_get_to_file)
-        def _check_get_to_file((out,err)):
-            data = open(get_to_file_target, "rb").read()
-            self.failUnlessEqual(data, TESTDATA)
-            self.failUnlessEqual(out, "")
-            self.failUnlessEqual(err, "test_put/upload.txt retrieved and written to system/SystemTest/test_vdrive/get.downfile\n")
-        d.addCallback(_check_get_to_file)
-
-
-        def _mv(res):
-            argv = ["mv"] + nodeargs + ["test_put/upload.txt",
-                                        "test_put/moved.txt"]
-            return self._run_cli(argv)
-        d.addCallback(_mv)
-        def _check_mv((out,err)):
-            self.failUnless("OK" in out)
-            self.failUnlessEqual(err, "")
-            d = self.shouldFail2(KeyError, "test_cli._check_rm", "'upload.txt'", self._private_node.get_child_at_path, u"test_put/upload.txt")
-
-            d.addCallback(lambda res:
-                          self._private_node.get_child_at_path(u"test_put/moved.txt"))
-            d.addCallback(lambda filenode: filenode.download_to_data())
-            def _check_mv2(res):
-                self.failUnlessEqual(res, TESTDATA)
-            d.addCallback(_check_mv2)
-            return d
-        d.addCallback(_check_mv)
-
-        def _rm(res):
-            argv = ["rm"] + nodeargs + ["test_put/moved.txt"]
-            return self._run_cli(argv)
-        d.addCallback(_rm)
-        def _check_rm((out,err)):
-            self.failUnless("200 OK" in out)
-            self.failUnlessEqual(err, "")
-            d = self.shouldFail2(KeyError, "test_cli._check_rm", "'moved.txt'", self._private_node.get_child_at_path, u"test_put/moved.txt")
-            return d
-        d.addCallback(_check_rm)
         return d
 
     def _run_cli(self, argv):
+        #print "CLI:", argv
         stdout, stderr = StringIO(), StringIO()
         d = threads.deferToThread(runner.runner, argv, run_by_human=False,
                                   stdout=stdout, stderr=stderr)