Retrieve: remove the initial prefix-is-still-good check

This check needs to be done with each fetch from the storage server, to
detect when someone has changed the share (i.e. our servermap goes stale).
Doing it just once at the beginning of retrieve isn't enough: a write might
occur after the first segment but before the second, etc.

_try_to_validate_prefix() was not removed: it will be used by the future
check-with-each-fetch code.

test_mutable.Roundtrip.test_corrupt_all_seqnum_late was disabled, since it
fails until this check is brought back. (the corruption it applies only
touches the prefix, not the block data, so the check-less retrieve actually
tolerates it). Don't forget to re-enable it once the check is brought back.